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Swara (custom)
Swara is a child marriage custom in tribal areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is tied to blood feuds among the different tribes and clans where young girls are forcibly married to members of different clans in order to resolve the feuds. It is most common among Pashtuns.
''Swara'' is also known as ''Sak'', ''Vani'' and ''Sangchatti'' in different regional languages of Pakistan.〔Nasrullah, M., Muazzam, S., Bhutta, Z. A., & Raj, A. (2013). Girl Child Marriage and Its Effect on Fertility in Pakistan: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006–2007. Maternal and child health journal, pp 1-10〕〔(Vani a social evil ) Anwar Hashmi and Rifat Koukab, The Fact (Pakistan), (July 2004)〕〔Ahsan, I. (2009). PANCHAYATS AND JIRGAS (LOK ADALATS): Alternative Dispute Resolution System in Pakistan. Strengthening Governance Through Access To Justice〕
==Rationale==
Hashmi and Koukab claim〔 this custom started almost 400 years ago when two northwestern Pakistani Pashtun tribes fought a bloody war against each other. During the war, hundreds were murdered. The Nawab, regional ruler, settled the war by calling a ''Jirga'' of elders from both sides. The elders decided that the dispute and crime of men be settled by giving their girls as a retaliatory punishment. Ever since then, tribal and rural ''jirgas'' have been using young virgin girls from 4 to 14 years old, through child marriages, to settle crimes such as murder by men. This ''blood for blood'' tradition is practiced in different states of Pakistan such as Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Sarhad and tribal areas.
Some scholars〔Saeed, R. R. (2004). Women status in Pakistan under customs and values& the controversial hudood ordinance 1979〕〔Shamsie, M. (2002). A matter of dishonour. Index on Censorship, 31(4), pp 191-195〕〔Khouri, N. (2007). Human Rights and Islam: Lessons from Amina Lawal and Mukhtar Mai. Geo. J. Gender & L., 8, 93.〕 claim the Hudud Ordinance of 1979 by Pakistan government, which made Sharia its prime source of law, as another driver encouraging ''Swara'' and ''Vani''.
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